2.4. Project Close-Out Phase

2.4.1. Purpose

During the Close-out Phase, all project activities are completed and all deliverables are finalized. The project sponsor reviews the project and all testing is completed. Final reviews and documentation are completed and the customer accepts the final project deliverable. The activities of this phase also ensure that best practices are captured and can be shared, and that continuous improvement on both team and personal levels is practiced.

2.3. Project Execution and Control Phase

2.3.1. Purpose

It is said that Project Management is 20% planning and 80% tracking and control. The project manager is like a lifeguard looking for someone to save. The project manager must monitor the project team at all times, because even the best team member can drown. Executing, monitoring and controlling project progress is important to detecting issues, problems and solutions early enough to quickly get the project back on schedule so the objectives are still met. While it is impossible to foresee and plan for every issue, project managers can regulate work as the project progresses, and still deliver a finished product that meets the objectives and requirements laid out in the initiation and planning phases.

2.2. The Project Planning Phase

2.2.1. Purpose

The purpose of the Project Planning Phase is to kickoff a new project and establishes an accurate plan and schedule. The infrastructure that is established during the planning phase is critical to effectively manage the projects success. At no other time during the life of the project is the success of the project more vulnerable. During this phase, responsibilities are assigned; communications and reporting expectations will be developed and presented to the project team. Tracking systems will be established. The project team will further decompose the high-level work breakdown structure into measurable tasks. This decomposition will form the basis of the project plan and schedule. Once the project team has determined the scope of the project a Risk Management Plan can be developed. The rigor that is established during this phase is dependant on the size, visibility, and impact of the project. The effort taken during theconclusion.

2. Project Management Step-By-Step Guide

2.1. The Initiation Phase

2.1.1. Purpose

The purpose of this phase is to develop a high level plan and risk assessment for a proposed project and to provide information for portfolio assessing strategic viability the project. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the project sponsor’s strategic requirements as well as immediate needs. Several high-level project management deliverables will be produced during this phase. These high level deliverables will provide a foundation for estimates and for the Project Charter.

Project Management Overview

1.1. Background

This manual was developed to guide project managers through corporate project management methodology. The project life cycle consists of four major phases: Initiation, Project Planning,

156-Year-Old Math Puzzle Claimed To Have Been Solved By Nigerian Professor

by Robin Andrews

photo credit: Has the puzzle really been solved after nearly 16 decades? ChristianChan/Shutterstock

The Millennium Prize Problems are seven mathematical conundrums first stated by theClay Mathematics Institute (CMI) in 2000 – all of which were very old problems with no known solutions. To date, only one of the puzzles has been officially solved: the Poincaré conjecture, which concerned itself with the evolution of three-dimensional shapes. Now, a second puzzle claims to have been solved by a Nigerian professor after it has befuddled scholars for 156 years – the Riemann Hypothesis.

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photo credit: Marine fossils arranged by position in the water column. J.A. Sessa and B.T. Huber.

Ammonites were spiral-shelled marine mollusks that drifted throughout the Mesozoic seas until the Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction event. Despite how abundant they are in the fossil record, we don’t know that much about their ecology. Now, researchers trying to reconstruct their habitats reveal where in the water column these ubiquitous fossils preferred to live. The findings, published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences this week, might help researchers reconstruct ancient climate.

Scientists Create Artificial System Capable Of Learning Human Language

by Ben Taub

photo credit: An artificial system of nerons called ANNABELL has learned to pick up language by interacting with humans. Aysezgicmeli/Shutterstock

While the things we say may not always be the smartest, the ability to learn and creatively use language is among the most impressively complex cognitive processes, and continues to set humans apart from even the most advanced machines. However, a team of scientists has now created an artificial system of neurons that is capable of learning words, phrases and syntax with no prior programming, thereby sustaining a dialog using processes that resemble mental actions.